Should Artificial Intelligence Be Regulated?
The 21st century is commonly referred to technological revolution. A great deal of experts in this domain consider our humanity to be on the path towards the Fourth Industrial Revolution leading the world to a much greater transformation. Before such a hypothesis, it is critical to determine to what AI is attributed as well as its purpose like technology itself. Based on historical book review, AI was first introduced in the book titled “Frankenstein” by Mary Shelley. The first research of AI had started in 1956 at Dartmouth University. In the early 1990s, AI began to be widely applied for logistics, data mining and other domains. The humanity has started being used to AI and; furthermore, they can be a part of our daily life.
They will be able not only to play chess and control flight, but, most importantly, to come to a decision like a real electronic person. What rights will such a person have? Does it need a document or passport of some kind? The next subject to be encountered as a result certain changes are the fear of these changes. Individuals from all over the world are concerned about Artificial Intelligence that might replace them at their workplaces or even worse destroy the whole of humanity. But people must not forget that they require not only to regulate AI, but equally important, to maintain the system developed by scientists, concerning AI. Artificial intelligence should be regulated to date as well as in upcoming years, since it has the potential to trigger ethical, social and legal issues which further can lead to the destruction of the people as race. Surprisingly to many, robots are able to harm individuals. Such examples very apparent in film industry, but, nevertheless, filmmakers are trying to convince that in years to come people will face such ethical problems. Movies like “Terminator” and “The Matrix” transmit how machines are related to personal lives of people. Another convincing argument is presented in the latest releases of TV series named “Black Mirror” giving a glance at future of human-beings under AI control which is not so much promising.
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As regards the second episode, a viewer is capable of witnessing the reality when the masses of people live in a closed space surrounded by digital screens. While watching this online, the privacy of individuals is constantly invaded by a TV commercial appearing every single minute, and the only way to stop it is to pay extra. Unquestionably, it can be viewed as dystopia for internet users, nonetheless perfect illustration of AI impact which is likely to result in reluctance to purchase a product or to switch the TV off. Consequently, before designing AI, it is advisable that scientists bear in mind particular ethics-related considerations. The first evidence that AI has the challenges with ethical questions is connected with the image recognition algorithms in Google Photos. Alistair McLean (2018) reports three years ago one of the software engineers found out that his friend of black race was recognized as “gorillas”. Google apologized for this mistake, but the question about race discrimination is still on the discussion. The second evidence suggests a simple example of an automated car. It delivers passengers to their destinations when a pedestrian runs over from the unacceptable place. Should AI risk lives of passengers or save the life of a pedestrian. All these question are yet to be answered by scientists, a contributing factor to this is to eradicate possibly emergence of such situations in the future.
The third persuasive evidence is correlated with legal issues of AI. For example, the engineers from Mercedes had put forward an offer where the lives of their passengers will have the main priority which means such choice would be illegal, and the car producer must take responsibility for any loose. Another challenge legislator is exposed to not to stop the progress and at the same time humanize it. Even though it is possible to administer AI with the help of laws and regulations, the behavior of robots is programmable for yet… Thinking ahead, people live in fear of stealing work places by AI and consequently that they will no longer be demanded as the workforce. Some scientists have already confirmed that according to the latest estimates, workforce is about to diminish in 2020- 2030 years and according to a report of Guardian journal approximately 250,000 of public sector workers’ in the UK could be replaced by 2030. Artificial Intelligence (AI) will change the system of working area and it can cause a tremendous effect on society, which means hundreds of people need to retrain and this progress has the great amount of investment. Further evidence supporting argument connected with social problems is controlling the media and the Internet. Going through the interview where Elon Musk claims about the challenges of AI, he mentioned that robots are able to manipulate with the information, also they can release fake news and reports, make forgery accounts which can lead to social problems. In addition to it, bots can be automated to produce videos with unreliable information to manipulate political system of a particular country. Miles Brundage (2015) is AI Policy Research Fellow with the Strategic AI Research Center at FHI has a solid opinion about actions of AI, he is absolutely convinced that AI will alter existing threat to individual citizens or countries whether it will be phishing information from individuals, or invasion of privacy through surveillance, personality profiling, and further repression. All these problems lead to the global complication such as the extinction of mankind.
The main argument against AI lies not in the way portrayed by books or movies. AI is in the process of transforming individuals into meaningless, without any purpose and unnecessary biological bodies, and it steals away from people the status of human-being. Two most prominent minds of humanity Stephen Hawking and Elon Musk have rigid opinion and arguments about the terror of AI. Stephen Hawking (2014) had claimed that such minds would develop at a quick speed and take all initiative itself, become the perfect machines at a global scale. From his standpoint, individual capabilities are limited with slow evolution, and people will not be able to withstand the speed of the AI. The second solid argument is associated with Elon Musk boss of Tesla and SpaceX. Musk has made long-term predictions which in many ways are not positive in nature, he opines that AI is more dangerous compared to North Korea and its advancement can be a start of Nuclear War which can cause a substantial population decline or even its dissolution. But not everybody has such pessimistic view to this topic.
As a rebuttal to this point, it could be argued that AI can cause only problems but not the progress. In the meantime, companies like IBM, Google, and Apple are developing new-generation AI-based applications using time segments to replace the human element in dangerous or time-consuming process. These are very specialized, and well-done development which can make individuals life much easier and improve the society, and definitely not worth being afraid of it. Take Rollo Carpenter (2014), the creator of the Cleverbot, web application predicts that the humanity will be chief masters of technology, therefore AI could facilitate considerably to find solutions to international problems. The task of the Cleverbot is to adapt to human logic without any recognition of it. The creator of the Cleverbot is certain that a few decades are required to invent necessary algorithms for full-fledged AI. On the basis of the evidence currently available, experts had previously been concerned about the lack of transparency of how AI is used in decision-making process, while algorithms an important role to play in life of mankind.
So, as Fernando Duarte is an Economist in Bank of New York states that the computer algorithms of Google, Netflix and Facebook are non-identical from we used to operate. Recall after the failure of US stocks exceeds in early February which caused a panic on the Wall Street. Following the decline indices of the US, Europe and Asia lost their profit for the year. The second argument is attached after a recession occurred as a result of an unclear crash on the computer trading system, and the US financial markets lost a trillion US dollars which means that a great number of experts put a question about the reliance and “rationality” of the machines. Based on the aforementioned reasons and the analyses made, the conclusion to be drawn is that individuals should control the way AI operates. I want to recommend the legislation of American fiction and scientific writer Isaac Asimov (1986) for regulation of AI. The purpose of the law is that robots cannot hurt individuals or by their inaction to allow hurt someone. American professor-lawyer Marc Rotenberg (2016) suggested the fourth and the fifth law in addition to Asimov’s list where robots need to identify themselves and justify their actions publicly. All these rules need to regulate actions of AI for the safety reasons with reference to humanity.
